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Premature birth is one of the toughest starts a newborn can face — and one of the greatest success stories in modern medicine. In honor of Prematurity Awareness Month, Dr. Jessica Gray and Dr. Cari Sorrell explore the science, survival, and humanity behind preterm birth with expert neonatologist Dr. Jennifer Palarczyk, faculty member at UT Health San Antonio.

With 1 in 10 babies worldwide born too early, this episode sheds light on the causes, risks, groundbreaking advancements, and the incredible resilience of these tiny fighters.

What Prematurity Really Means

• The medical definition of preterm birth (before 37 weeks)
• Categories: late preterm, very preterm, and extremely preterm
• Why every week in the womb matters for lung, brain, and temperature regulation development
• Rising prematurity rates and what’s driving the increase

Why Babies Come Early

• Known medical causes: infections, high blood pressure, preeclampsia, multiples
• Nearly 50% of cases have no clear cause (“spontaneous preterm labor”)
• Maternal health factors, prenatal care access, chronic stress, and systemic inequities
• Why Black women face disproportionately higher preterm birth rates

Inside the NICU

A behind-the-scenes look into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit — where micro-preemies weighing barely a pound fight for survival.

Dr. Palarczyk breaks down:

• Surfactant therapy and why it changed neonatal survival forever
• How incubators mimic the womb
• Kangaroo care and the emotional side of NICU parenting
• The stunning statistic: Babies born at 26 weeks now survive at 86% in the U.S.

Breakthroughs in Neonatal Medicine

• Synthetic surfactant therapy and lung development
• Incubator evolution (including their bizarre beginnings at Coney Island sideshows!)
• The promise of artificial wombs
• The crucial role of human donor milk

After the NICU: What Life Looks Like

Short-term risks discussed:

• RDS, apnea, hypoglycemia, NEC, IVH, infection risk, jaundice

Long-term considerations:

• Motor and language delays
• Cerebral palsy
• Chronic lung disease
• Sensory impairments
• Higher adulthood risk of hypertension, diabetes, & heart disease

Yet — the majority of premature infants go on to live healthy, normal lives.

Why This Episode Matters

Premature birth is emotional. Complex. Full of fear and hope. This episode honors families, NICU staff, and the incredible resilience of premature babies — while highlighting the science that saves lives every day.

Resources Mentioned

• WHO: Preterm Birth
• Cleveland Clinic: Premature Birth Overview
• Columbia Surgery: History of Incubators
• American Pregnancy Association: Complications
• March of Dimes – Prematurity Awareness

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

Clinicians — claim your CME credit for listening!

https://cmetracker.net/TTUHSC/Publisher?page=pubOpen&nc=7120399723#/myPortal

 

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LinkedIn: Dr. Jessica Gray: https://www.linkedin.com/in/Jessica-gray-md/

LinkedIn: Dr. Cari Sorrell: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cari-sorrell-42545a7b/